DEGREES OF COMPARISON

REFERENSI :
English grammar-stacy A. hagen
Modern English-marcella frank
english grammar-angela downing
Modul bahasa inggris-swastanto wahyu S.Pd
Panduan pendalaman materi bahasa inggris-Eneng sinarti S.Pd
Catetan selama pembelajaran


DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Degrees of Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another.
In English grammar the degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb that describes the relational value of one thing with something in another clause of a sentence. An adjective may simply describe a quality, (the positive); it may compare the quality with that of another of its kind (comparative degree); and it may compare the quality with many or all others (superlative degree). In other languages it may describe a very large degree of a particular quality (in Semitic linguistics, called an elative).

The degrees of comparison (tingkat perbandingan) berjumlah tiga tingkat, yaitu :
1. The positive degree (tingkat biasa)
2. The comparative (tingkat lebih/perbandingan)
3. The superlative (tingkat paling)

1.The positive degree is the most basic form of the adjective, positive because it does not relate to any superior or inferior qualities of other things in speech.
2.The comparative degree denotes a greater amount of a quality relative to something else. The phrase “Anna is taller than her father” means that Anna's degree of tallness is greater than her father's degree of tallness.
3.The superlative degree denotes the most, the largest, etc., by which it differs from other things.

A. POSITIVE DEGREE (tingkat positif) When we speak about only one person or thing,We use the Positive degree. Merupakan perbandingan dua nilai yang sama . digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu itu sama tingkatannya. Perbandingan untuk sesuatu yang tingkatannya sama digunakan as … as.
As….as is used to say that the tqo parts of a comparation are equal or the same in some way
example :
Your house as big as my house
This book is as expensive as that one
your house no less big than my house
His car not so new as yours
His car less new than yours
Solo is as beautiful as Surabaya
Her love is as much as mine
this flower is not as beautiful as that
Sony and toshiba have the same price
This house is not as big as that one
Jakarta is not as warm as Surabaya.
He is not as intelligent as this boy.
This girl is as clever as that
This girl is no less clever than that
That girl is not more clever than this

B. COMPARATIVE DEGREE When we compare two persons or two things with each other . digunakan apabila dua orang atau benda dikatakan tidak sama dalam hal sifat yang tertentu Yang satu lebih dari yang lain. Tingkat perbandingan dinyatakan dengan menggunakan “-er” jika kata sifat itu hanya memiliki satu suku kata (one syllable) serta di tambah kata “than.”
The comparative compares “this/these” to “that/those
Form: suffix-ER : for one syllable word
More : for more than one syllable word
Less : for more than one syllable word
A comparative is followed by “than”
Er…….than
More…….than
Less….than
Menyatakan perbandingan bahwa sesuatu lebih atau kurang dari yang lain. Beberapa cara untuk mengekspresikan perbandingan tersebut antara lain :

1. Menggunakan kata penghubung than
2. Menambahkan akhiran -er pada kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata
3. Menambahkan kata depan more apabila kata sifat lebih dari tiga suku atau apabila yang dibandingkan adalah kata keterangan

Example :

Handi is taller than Anton
This blue pen is cheeper thab the black pen
A train is faster than a bus
Rio is much taller than lely
This house is bigger than that one
Notebook is more expensive than personal computer
Marry finished the test more quickly than jack
He is more intelligent than this boy
This problem is simpler than the one we had yesterday.
The street in front of my house is narrower than this one.
tV Program are more interesting than radio program.
My trousers are more expensive than yours.
Lisa is taller than her sister
Jakarta is bigger than Surabay

C. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE (tingkat superlative) yaitu apabila seseorang atau sebuah benda dikatakan melebihi atau mengungguli semua orang atau benda yang lain yang sama macamnya, kita menggunakan superlative degree dengan the … of.
The superlative compares one part of a whole group to all the rest of the group
Form : suffix-est : for one syllable word
The most……. : for more than one syllable word
The least
Digunakan untuk menyatakan hal yang paling ter- dari segala hal lainnya yang menjadi perbandingan

1. Menambahkan kata sandang the di depan kata sifat ataupun di depan kata keterangan
2. Menambahkan akhiran -est pada kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata (misal : short, tall, dsb)
3. Menambahkan kata depan most apabila kata sifat lebih dari tiga suku atau apabila yang dibandingkan adalah kata keterangan

Example :
The building is the highest building in this town
This job is easier than that one
He is the smastest boys in my class
Ina is the most beautiful girls in my school
She is the most beautiful woman in this country
Elvis Presley is the greatest musician in the world
Hani finished the test the most quickly
This is the fastest car in the rally.
Today is the happiest day for me. It’s my birthday.

EXCEPTION :
Positive-comparative-superlative
: good/well-better-the best
: bad-worse-the worst
: far-farther-the farthest
: little-less-the least
: much-more-the most